Exploring and Defining Racism Essay - 3417 Words

Exploring and Defining Racism Works Cited Missing To define racism it is important to firstly define race. Race is defined as a group characterized by closeness of common descent and usually also by some shared physical distinctiveness, such as colour of skin (source: Modern Thought - Bullock and Stallybrass). Racism can be defined as a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that ones own race is superior and has the right to rule others In the name of protecting their race from†¦show more content†¦This has led to separate schools, communities (sometimes divided by man-made physical barriers) and prejudice in employment. In Germany, many forms of racism were encouraged and sanctioned by the Nazi Party, who then became a government by appealing to these prejudices. Adolf Hitler used images and language to relate the everyday bad experiences of Germans in the 1930s to various groups in German society. Ethnic, religious and cultural racism was evident against, for example, Jews, Catholics, gypsies and Slavs. To a lesser degree, there are political movements in almost every European country who currently identify and exploit differences between groups to gain popularity. In Britain, the British National Party has gained local council representation in Burnley, and in France there is a right wing party led by Le Pen. There are different reasons why some people become racist. One of the usual causes is a result of attitudes they have inherited from their parents, families and peers. This suggests that people are usually only racist if they are brought up in racist environments, because scientific studies have shown that children below three or four years of age are not prejudiced. Another cause of racism is a fear of things or of people who are thought to be different in some way and perhaps threaten a way of life, such as the apartheid governments ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Langston Hughes 1451 Words   |  6 Pagespeople were not treated right, so he chose to write about racism and equal opportunities. James Mercer Langston Hughes was born on February 1st, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri (St. James Encyclopedia, heading). His parents were James Nathaniel, his father, and his mother, Carrie Mercer Langston Hughes. Just after Hughes was born his father left him to go back to law school and ended up being a lawyer in Mexico and never came back (EXPLORING Poetry, par. 1). Hughes’ mother could not financially affordRead MoreSocial Stereotypes in America Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe terrorist hi-jacked several aircraft carriers and set them on a crash course for various national landmarks. Since the events of September 11th many Non-European American citizens have been targets of discrimination, prejudice, hate crimes, racism, and stereotyping. According to Holman (2008), Arab nurses reported experiencing discrimination in the forms of intimidation and patient rejection more frequently than prior to the attacks of September 11th. Outside of the public arena, the discriminationRead MoreEssay on Social Connotations of Name and Well Being1548 Words   |  7 Pagesterrorists commandeered several aircraft carriers and set them on a crash course for various national landmarks. Since the events of September 11, 2001 many Non-European American citizens have been targets of discrimination, prejudice, hate crimes, racism, and stereotyping. According to Holman (2008), Arab nurses working in local urban American cities reported experiencing discrimination in the forms of intimidation and patient rejection more frequently than prior to the attacks of September 11, 2001Read MoreAfrican-American Beauty1684 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican-American females have a long history of defining and redefining what it means to be Black and Beautiful especially when the media is constantly reinforcing the notions that Black can never be beautiful. The need for young black girls to have positive images and role models to look up to when they are in their transitioning stage of exploring their identity is crucial for the uplifting of Black culture as a whole. Rooted in the history of slavery and racism, the negative connotation that â€Å"Black isRead MoreMulticulturalism And Its Impact On The American Society1739 Words   |  7 Pages‘Mythic Black’ shows some outstanding attributes of defining the common young black in a society dominated by the whites. To dissect this, Piper decides to switch roles, which alludes that this society has the ability to transform the rather disdainful perceptions regarding the black people. For instance, the ‘Mythic Black’ represent a young black man whose present is a threat to the white supremacy (Heartney, 7). Such cognitive perspectives while exploring the differences based on ethnicity prevents theRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesimagination. Heilman, Robert B. The economics of Iago and others. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America (1953): 555-571. Print. 27 March 2016. Heilmann’s article presents the thievery motif and is excellent for dramatically defining an evil power that has both a drab everydayness, and demonic viciousness. There appears to be no priori reason why the same melodic theme should not be equally effective in the portrayal of the tragic Hero; but the hero of his drama appears onlyRead MoreRace And Ethnicity Searches For Equality1232 Words   |  5 Pagesrace doesn t matter, however, the world population has a stationary concept that physical differences as well as geographical origin and shared culture do matter. Biologically no pure distinct race exists. Humans have migrated across continents exploring new territories as well as encountering different races, therefore, genetics have over time overlapped. From here on, research has been conducted to determine whether characteristics are inherited among minority groups. Intelligence test have beenRead MoreOrigin Of Glossolalia And The Cogic Church1330 Words   |  6 Pages outburst in church after being overwhelmed with the spirit of the Lord combined with fast dance similar to stepping. Baer says that this practice was popular in the black community as it provided a temporary spiritual relief from frustrations on racism and poverty. Overall, the goal of the Holiness movement was to promote sanctification of the mind, body, and spirit. (Baer 112-113.) The COGIC church was founded by Bishop C. H. Mason and C. P. Jones after they were exiled from the Mount OliveRead MoreRespecting Heritage and No Discrimination951 Words   |  4 Pagessuperior in these areas and quickly dominated these areas (â€Å"Black Power Movement†). During this time, the blacks became lucrative and it made an affirmative outcome on their lives. However, the movement was not only optimistic. The group did not stop racism and discrimination from both the whites and blacks. Americans still discriminated the blacks (â€Å"Black Power Movement†). Therefore, as a self-defense weapon, blacks carried around guns (â€Å"Black Power Movement†). Americans did not like the idea that civiliansRead MoreA Discussion Of Class, Gender, And Feminism Essay1484 Words   |  6 Pageswe let our difference divide us and how we can work to change that. Both of these readings will be used to show the damaging effects that letting our difference come between us can have. This paper will show that our class, our gender, and other defining factors of who we are play a large role in how society views us and how we view ourselves. To start with I will be looking into the role that social class and gender play in how others view you. In A Question of Class, author Dorothy Allison talks

Concept Of Terrorism As A Process And Its Significance

1. How does our coursework explain the concept of terrorism as a process and its significance? From news rooms to newspapers and websites, the words â€Å"acts of terrorism† were blurted out again and again over the past 13 years. The reality is, there is no â€Å"act† of terrorism. Individuals create acts of violence in support of terrorism, thus making them part of a larger process. In chapter One, Canter mentions a staircase terrorism model that was introduced by Moghaddam in 2005 describing the process as â€Å"a person entering into and becoming part of an ever more involving commitment to violence for political or ideological ends.† For this to take place, two things must occur; first, the organization must be feared by others (i.e. groups, communities, government, etc.), and second, they are remembered culturally and internationally for the grievances the organizations cause. These grievances are key to the organizations success and keeping them feared over the course of years. They also become the identifying mark of the organization, laying the g roundwork for resentment to those who the organization sees as their enemy. One of the major misconceptions about terrorism is it’s not how devastating or damaging the incident is, but how well the organization can spin the incident to its supporters that drive the influx of violence. Terrorism is created on a psychological level. Social media, friends, family, and gatherings all contribute to the influence of hatred of external groups,Show MoreRelatedTerrorism As A Process And Its Significance?1176 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 25, 2014 How does our coursework explain the concept of terrorism as a process and its significance? The concept of terrorism as defined by Hoffman in his book, Inside Terrorism, is not easily defined. Hoffman indicates that most definitions do not give the word â€Å"terrorism† a clear definition for today (Hoffman 2006). However, according to Hoffman, the Oxford English Dictionary does provide a definition that embodies terrorism since its beginnings. â€Å"Any one who attempts to furtherRead MoreAnalysis Of C. Christine Fair And Bryan Shepherd s Research Note1567 Words   |  7 Pagesupon demand for terrorism (also known as support) to address empirical lacunae in exploring detailed demographic and psychographic variables among fourteen countries with predominantly Muslim populations or with large Muslim minorities in 2002. Whereas many of previous research focused upon the supply of terrorist work force and the shared characteristics of terrorists, the present research note represents a quantitative effort to understand the segments of the demand for terrorism. The research noteRead MoreAnalysis Of David Rapoport s Theory Of The Waves Of Terrorism1744 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the significance of 9/11? This essay will argue that the events of 9/11 and the Bush led war on terror that followed, are extremely significant as they have created a new pattern for the understanding of world politics. Within this new pattern, the twenty-first century has experienced a divide between western powers and their allies, and some Middle-Eastern states. The events of 9/11 directly threatened the U.S. supremacy, marking the first significant terrorist attack on U.S. soil. As wellRead MoreThe Middle East, And America s Imperial Ambitions1177 Words   |  5 Pagesthe construction of the modern Middle East, and its continued involvement in the region. This research question is significant because it interlinks post-colonial studies with contemporary security studies. This link is important because modern terrorism and the instability in the Middle East cannot be explored without reference to past Western foreign policies. Because the Western influence – in the case of this paper, the United States – is partially responsible for the instability the Middle EastRead MoreSecurity and Internaional Regimes1091 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion one The concept of security and international regimes in regulating WMDs Introduction This essay argued, after the war on terror, there are several changes in conceptualizing â€Å"Security†. Firstly, the concept of security become more complex and paradoxical in nature due to the construction of concepts by the terrorist’s strategy accompanied by globalization, and the unanticipated insecurity caused by the US’s use of military force. Secondly, despite the paradox arisen from the use of militaryRead MoreThe Usa s Act Of 20151580 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment was reorganized after September 11th is the creation of both the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) position and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) in 2004 with the passage of the same IRTPA that created TSA. This concept had been first suggested in 1955 after a study by Congress then and was recommended time and again but only became a reality after the September 11th attacks drove the need for major intelligence reform home and the 9/11 Commission continued the pushRead MoreMaritime Transportation Systems : Maritime Transport System Essay1311 Words   |  6 Pagessystems have become increasingly vulnerable to risks that could jeopardize smooth operations and contributes to direct and indirect financial losses. Some of these risks include organizational and environmental risks as well as security risks like terrorism. The risks to the smooth operations and effectiveness of maritime systems are classified into four major categories i.e. human, natural, organizational, and technological factors since they emerge from natural and man-made disasters. In the pastRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Prosperous And Amazing Journey For The Development And Advancements Of The Human Race1656 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrated the need for a death penalty to expunge the evil from their land. Established in the Roman 12 Tablets, contested as one of the greatest pieces of law from its time, validated the death penalty on the concept that a nation ne eded to be pure and as humanely guided as possible. The concept of capital punishment, although highly challenged, has a chronicle of evidence that supports the requirement of the death penalty. Capital punishment is necessary based on the fact that evil does occur in theRead MoreWestern Civilization Roger Scruton Summary1410 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical process. This accomplishment distinguishes the West from every other society because it separates private from political. He defines the West as â€Å"communities held together by a political process† that â€Å"[make] it possible to separate society from the state.† The separation of society from the state does not make citizens and communities slaves to the government, but rather servants because they have outside private lives and interests. This Western political process has new concepts like theRead MoreUnited States And The Middle East1311 Words   |  6 Pagesnature that subsisted in the days gone by was for the protection of life, liberty and property. The doctrine of individual unilateral discretion which provided a fertile ground for the domination of the strong over the weak in society diminished in significance. So sacrosanct was the need to protect the rights and freedoms of all people that all and sundry gave up their rights, powers, and privileges of the civil society for its care. The developed world took lead in this province and in the modern world

Athletic Budgets And Academic Performance Revisited Free Essays

The article herein actually discusses the need for an athletics department in several educational institutions today to be able to handle the physical development needs of the students within the population. Aside from discussing the importance of the said department, it also aims to show the pros and the cons of implying the said culture in the school institutions with regards the existence of athletes and non-athletes. Undeniably, the study tries to make certain amendments on how the situation could be effectively dealt with. We will write a custom essay sample on Athletic Budgets And Academic Performance Revisited or any similar topic only for you Order Now Certainly, the researchers aim to fix the situation through surveying the population involved in the situation thus seeing how well they could deal with the challenges of the matter. Central Theme of the Study When one considers the prospects of improved health, character development, and increased popularity, joining an organized sports team may still seem like the smart thing to do. The journal too points out that more kids are signing up for organized sports today than did any previous generation. The bad news though is that they are dropping out of these sports programs in record numbers. Usually, by the time they’re fifteen, seventy-five percent of kids who have ever played a sport have dropped out of it. Researchers say that such dropouts usually give a surprisingly simple reason for their departure: The games are no longer fun. Indeed, playing on a team can be an exhausting and time-consuming project. Seventeen magazine told its readers that simply trying out for a team may involve working â€Å"three hours a day, five days a week . . . for about one or two weeks. † If you survive that gauntlet and make the team, many more hours of workouts and practice drills are in your future. Typical is the member of a girl’s basketball team who spends over three hours a day training for her game. That time could be spent in doing something more worthwhile. Of course, many youths do not mind the grueling routine. They enjoy the fun and the challenge of perfecting their athletic skills. But there are other reasons why a large number of youths drop out of organized athletics. You need to be aware of them in order to decide whether to join a team or not. Reasons Behind the Study’s Progress Athletics are not for everyone—at least, not everyone should participate without medical supervision. Who especially need supervision? â€Å"Athletic recreation is a questionable option for the pathological hurrier, the type of person who rushes to work, rushes through lunch, and rushes home during the rush hour to rush through chores before rushing to bed. That type of person is very liable to use exercise as just another avenue of rushing to the grave. The study further points out the need of balancing the support for athletics and non-athletics within the student population thus also balancing the activity of the school as centered both on academics and athletic values as implied to the students. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Study The theme of the study had been strongly implied within the discussions. It could not be denied that the researchers actually made it certain that the issue be handled in a more specific manner that involves the examination of the situation through survey approaches. This method of the study actually makes it more applicable in actual situations that most institutions are undergoing right now. Overall Reaction to the Study Overall, the study was able to address all the necessary points of consideration that needs to be dealt with in connection with the said matter. Utilizing survey approach was indeed useful, such process of gaining information for better further applications increase the capability of the study to become highly important to the population of the society that it intends to serve. Understandably, as a scholarly article, the researchers were able to find the necessary points that needs consideration thus giving out a better result for the audience to understand the situation in a much lighter and clearer sense. How to cite Athletic Budgets And Academic Performance Revisited, Papers

Domestic Violence and the Deviant Youth free essay sample

Domestic violence has always been seen to have a negative impact on society. However, only fairly recently has a youth witnessing or being exposed to these modes of sustained violence, whether psychological or physical, been recognized by Australia and international countries as a form of child abuse [ (Parliment of Australia, Research Publications, 2010, Nov 22) ]. It seems that with recognition of this as a form of abuse it has become a more prominent issue in our contemporary society, and as a consequence the increase in studies surrounding the effects of this abuse on the child in both current and future ventures has ensued. Hence, as our desire for a greater understanding of child abuse and its relationship with youth has increased and become prominent, it has now developed into one of the many prominent social problems of today. One of the issues surrounding these youth are the â€Å"deviant culture† perceived by the media giving way to a stigmatized vision of the young and reckless (Deviant youth in the news: a critical discourse analysis of media and participant social constructions of a contemporary moral panic,  2011). Through out this essay the effects of this abuse will be researched in relation to these delinquent behaviors, as it seems that the older generations appear to have forgotten that it is them who educated the adolescence of today to hold the morals and social standards that are apparent in the youth culture of our society. Child abuse can be seen as a social problem as it has adverse effects on communities and members of the community. At a personal level it increases the risk of emotional, physical and sexual abuse and can be associated with mental issues, social withdrawal, substance abuse and educational and employment deficiencies amongst youth and into later life (Parliment of Australia, Research Publications, 2010, Nov 22). This in turn creates a discontent in the community as members struggle to adhere to social norms and services are under pressure to meet the complex needs of these youth. Almeida amp; Durkin describe domestic violence as â€Å"the patterned and repeated use of coercive and controlling behavior to limit, direct, and shape a partner’s thoughts, feelings and actions. An array of power and control tactics is used along a continuum in concert with one another. † (Children, young people and domestic violence, Australian Domestic and Family Violence Issues, 2000). Research has found that sustained violent acts witnessed by a child constitutes as a form of child abuse as it constitutes both emotional and psychological abuse. The estimates for children being a witness to theses acts of violence vary, however studies done by the Australian Bureau of Statistics established that 27% of children who had a caregiver that was the receiver of domestic violence acts by a current partner had witnessed some or most of the episodes, and the International Violence Against Women Survey has found that over one third reported that children in their care had witnessed domestic violence incident (Parliment of Australia, Research Publications, 2010, Nov 22). More alarmingly research done on the Gold Coast states that the rates of children witnessing domestic violence is more probable to occur between the 85-90% range with the rate of the children themselves becoming victims around 50% (Domestic Violence and it’s impact on Children’s Development, 2002, Sep 24). To explain the lasting effects of this violence on a child’s development into a socially and culturally literate person, I will be applying the theory of symbolic interactionism with a special focus on the labeling theory put forward by Howard Becker. Symbolic interactionism is based on the idea that symbols, such as gestures, speech and body language our way of influencing people, and it then looks at the way in which these interactions impact our society. Children living in an environment of constant fear develop certain characteristics that impact largely on their quality of life. As mentioned earlier, it has been found that children living in these environments have an increased chance of school difficulties, impaired cognitive function and re more susceptible to peer conflicts (Parliment of Australia, Research Publications, 2010, Nov 22). These difficulties in belonging within a set â€Å"moral norm† see the youth stigmatized and branded as the deviant. It must be acknowledged that the label of deviance can only arise in an interaction between two people, the one whom commits the act that the other views as deviant. In a study conducted with 110 high school freshmen in California, America, the link between social class and child maltreatment and maltreatment in relation to delinquency was studied. Using subscales for physical abuse, emotional abuse and neglect the research found a strong correlation between social class and maltreatment of the youth, particularly when the lower class identified themselves as so, and a positive correlation between neglect and emotional abuse to all forms of delinquency examined. This research enables us to ascertain that there are enough grounds to assume a correlation between child abuse and neglect and delinquent activities (Social Class, Child Maltreatment, and Delinquent Behavior, 1984). This study developed the idea that many â€Å"delinquent† youth were struggling with abuse in their childhood and formative years. Although it is not a complete explanation of why they commit these socially deplorable acts, it does help to form our understanding of the backgrounds to which the acts are considered acceptable. Within the school community, teachers are given the charge of developing our young into acceptable members of the community in their formative years. However, through this role and indeed their methods we can see a peculiar event in which it is the act of social control, through labeling that is employed by the teacher, actually creating the deviant. It is not to say that simply being called a deviant will turn you in to one, but under the correct conditions, it may result in the youth identifying as so. For this to work someone whom status has been rejected such as the pupil who does not value what a teacher thinks, must apply the label frequently and this label must have support by others and be used in a public nature (The process of schooling; a sociological reader. Reactions to Labeling, 1976). It is this act of stigmatization, when a pupil feels as though they are being wrongly given a differential treatment such as being labeled merely because he has the reputation of coming from a â€Å"bad home†, that causes what is known as a conceptualization of deviance, where the pupil no longer sees himself as ordinary, but transforms his image of himself to that of the deviant and will most likely struggle to view himself as ordinary again. It is through these methods of social control, and the impacts upon cognitive function, school difficulties and susceptibility to peer conflict that arouses from abuse and maltreatment that inhibits the receiver from functioning fully in a society, causing them to experience social withdrawal. The correlation between child abuse and deviance cannot be ignored. This is not to say that all delinquent activities are preformed by those who have been weakened by the constant abuse, but rather that those activities which the maltreated youth take part in may be a way for them to express their discontent with what hand society has dealt them (Developmental Issues in the Impact of Child Maltreatment on later Delinquency and Drug use, 2002) It seems that it can not be simple enough to discipline the youth, or merely provide them with a respectable role model, but the charge must be taken to educate and prosecute if need be the adults who are committing these acts.

Biology of climate change

There is sufficient evidence that recent climate change is a result of human activities. â€Å"Warming of the climate system is unequivocal; as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global mean sea level (L9).†Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Biology of climate change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The presence of excessive greenhouse gases in the atmosphere causes global warming due to the greenhouse effect. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, the key driver. Industrialisation has increased demand for consumer goods. This increased demand fuels the production process which releases these gases. Deforestation is also a contributor to climate change. Few trees mean little carbon dioxide converts to oxygen through the natural process of photosynthesis. â€Å"The Greenhouse Effect is a natu ral and valuable phenomenon, without which, the planet would be uninhabitable (L11).† It follows that an excess of these same gases would result in a rise in temperature and by extension, climate change. The top polluters are transport fuels, coal in power generation and water and space heating. Existing records since the industrial revolution show a matching increase in the level of atmospheric greenhouse gases and global warming with the increase in human development. â€Å"Carbon dioxide has increased by 40 % since the beginning of the industrial revolution (L2).† â€Å"Global change affects terrestrial organisms and ecosystems (L13).† It is the cause of some extreme weather patterns. The frequency with which heat waves, tropical cyclones, floods and droughts occur has been on the increase. The polar ice caps and the glaciers have been on a steady decrease occasioned by high global temperature. The melting glaciers and ice caps introduce a tremendous amount of hitherto locked away fresh water into the oceans. This will result in the rise of ocean level and the attendant flooding of low-lying settlements, leading to migration. â€Å"Terrestrial systems and organisms are responding to recent changes in climate (L14).† Climate change will continue to have an adverse effect on human health across the globe. A global temperature rise increases the range of disease vectors like mosquitoes, ticks and flies causing diseases like Malaria and Dengue. Human health is also certain to be negatively affected by extreme weather like heat waves and flooding.Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fall in food supplies due to the vagaries of climate change will also cause a rise in cases of nutritional maladies. Higher temperature and altered rainfall regimes are already disrupting agricultural production systems across the world and affecting food security. Climate change has also led to conflict between communities fighting over access to resources. It has also led to many instances of migration. Any preventative or mitigating measures will have to tackle climate change by providing alternative energy sources, aimed at reducing emissions to a sustainable level. The alternatives are wind power, solar power, bio fuels and hydroelectric power. Considerable savings could be realised from effecting energy saving solutions. These two approaches are suitable economically because they replace or increase energy. Reforestation is also a key mitigating measure. Forests have the capacity to cleanse the atmosphere of CO2. â€Å"Land-use conversions from forests generally cause a loss of carbon to the atmosphere (L4).† According to Weart our â€Å"response to the risk of global warming will affect our personal well-being, the evolution of human society, indeed all life on our planet† (vii). This essay on Biology of climate change was written and submitted by user Payton Sherman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

English 102 Essays

English 102 Essays English 102 Essay English 102 Essay Essay Topic: Communist Manifesto Kathleen Ahlgrim HST 142-001 March 15, 2010 Communist Manifesto 1. Two things gave the manifesto its force: first its vision and second its recognition of the necessary long term historical tendencies of capitalist development. 2. Karl Marx (1818-1883) Born in Trier, Prussia, Marx was a German philosopher, economist and sociologist. Marx was the principle author of the Communist Manifesto and also his ideas created the foundation of modern communism. Frederick Engels (1820-1895) Born in Barmen, Prussia, Engels was social scientist, author, political theorist and philosopher. Engels edited and assisted Marx on the Communist Manifesto. The Communist Manifesto was written in 1847 as a commissioned piece on the behalf of a group of radical workers call the Communist League, who met in London. The content was meant to spread information about the communist movement. It was a piece written for a particular moment in history, but became less useful because of the change in language and the historical point of which is written. 3. 3. Bourgeoisie is the upper middle class of society. They also tended to be the business owners. the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possess, however, this distinctive feature: it has simplified the class antagonisms. (pg 35) the bourgeoisie historically played a most revolutionary part. (pg37) Proletariats were the workers; The Industrial Revolution created a group of workers who were living in poverty and under terrible working conditions. They had little or no political representation. Of all the classes that stand face to face with the bourgeoisie today, the proletariat alone is a really revolutionary classâ„ ¢ (pg 21) it is coming into being in Germany only as a result of the rising industrial developmentâ„ ¢ (pg 23) 4. 5. New methods of production diminishes the worth of handicraft because of the new means of production (44) The bourgeoiese unfit any longer to b a ruling class because incompetent to assure existence to it slave ( 50) 6. Communism is already acknowledge by all European powers to be itself a power ( pg33)

Barriers in International Communication at Workplace Research Paper

Barriers in International Communication at Workplace - Research Paper Example In the field of social intelligence and leadership, without a doubt, having a multilingual workplace has its very own advantages, for the reason that according to Goleman, social intelligence is the capacity to understand people in order to manage them effectively and act wisely in human relations. However, such also poses a challenge in effective communication since Backman, Baldwin and Cross, decoding a message can come at to a point that it would entirely break. In this regard, the focus of this paper shall delve at exploring the barriers in intercultural communication in the workplace. Specifically, this aims at exploring the impacts of interpersonal challenges it presents. This would shed light on the recommended strategies in order to remedy the challenges of intercultural communication at the workplace. On the one hand, this paper is of significance especially that diversity of culture, language and others has thrived in our society, especially in the workplace. Moreover, effe ctive communication in this diverse society is challenged especially for the parts of those coming from different country of origin like in my case, I come from Saudi Arabia and work in Ministry of Defense with employees with different nationalities and speak different languages other than English. Given this overview, this phenomenon must be understood. Barriers in Intercultural Communication at Workplace and Its Impacts Ethnocentricity results to some people assuming that language, for instance, English is a universal language (Dyers and Wankah, 2001). However, this assumption can be considered as a barrier to effective communication in every part of the world, especially in the institution of workplace, because not all people can speak and understand English smoothly and may need time to process one’s thought first before being able to interpret the meanings of the message correctly. On the one hand, Peltokorpi (2009) suggested that apart from ethnocentricity, jargon and s lang serve as barriers as well to effective communication because the members of a particular culture may have developed their distinctive jargon and slang. While it is the case that the members feel at ease using their jargon and slang, the newcomers may possibly not understand the communicated meanings accurately. Such interpersonal challenges to effective communication at the workplace affect not only the individual having difficulty understanding what the conveyed message is all about and the one who speak the message as well, but most especially, these challenges affect the entire institution itself. In the study, â€Å"The attitudes toward the culturally different: the role of intercultural communication barriers, affective responses, consensual stereotypes and perceived threat,† Rodgers and McGovern (2002) claimed that the current and most immediate impact to the individuals belonging to a different culture is that they may feel alienated from the rest of the

The Relationship between the International Court of Justice and other Essay

The Relationship between the International Court of Justice and other International and Regional Courts and Tribunals - Essay Example It shall also discuss any conflicts between these courts, and the challenges and issues which are seen with the emergence of these multiple courts. An evaluation of what this relationship should be will also be discussed. Body Hybrid domestic-international tribunals International courts also operate within the context of hybrid domestic-international tribunals which provide another approach to transitional justice, where societies consider accountability for mass atrocities1. These hybrid courts blend both international and domestic laws and the international courts recognize their existence in so far as they do not conflict with the principles of international law. These courts include foreign judges sitting with domestic judges and hearing cases which are argued by local lawyers within the countries where the cases are being tried2. The judges apply the domestic laws which have been fashioned to accommodate international legal provisions. They operate in an ad hoc manner based on o n-the-ground innovations and processes3. These courts have been seen as tools in the management of mass atrocity, especially seen in instances where there are no political tools for the international tribunals or courts to use. ... his lack of general acceptance is mostly based on the fact that hybrid courts have faced much resistance on both sides – from both the domestic and the international scene. Moreover, hybrid courts who do favour the more international brand of adjudication see these courts as alternatives to the international tribunals. Many national governments, including the US, and other western nations, reject the view that hybrid courts represent trends for the future5. These governments seem to believe that the hybrid courts may eventually end up as replacements for international justice, and that these hybrid courts may undermine the better application of international justice. States who resist international justice, on the other hand view hybrid tribunals as â€Å"carrying too many of the trappings of international courts†6. This general resistance towards hybrid courts is considered unfortunate because they present better adjudicatory benefits based on international and local j uridical concerns. Hybrid courts adjudicating in the Kosovo case The NATO launched an attack in 1999 which sought to end the ethnic cleansing goals of the Serb forces against the Albanian population in Kosovo. This prompted a declaration from the UN Security Council forming the UN Mission in Kosovo, where the mission was assigned to establish peace and security in the region and to carry out administrative functions, as well as to coordinate humanitarian and disaster relief efforts and to promote human rights. The responsibilities of the mission specifically included the establishment of law and order, as well as the apprehension and prosecution of those who committed war atrocities7. This goal was however not adequately met by the mission because many of the court infrastructures and equipment in

Poverty in Guatemala Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poverty in Guatemala - Essay Example In 2012, only eleven point percent of the taxes reached the Central Bank. Of the 215 countries ranked in the CIA World Fact Book, the collected GDO is at position two hundred and four. However, the problem does not have any relations with too low value-added tax or income, but the inefficiency from government authorities and corrupt public servants. Now that majority of the population surive in informal economy makes it easy for the tax collector to hide behind little collection. The informal sector means that a bigger proportion of the population does not have formal businesses and formal jobs therefore; they do not operate with registered licences. Based on this, the tax authorities cannot levy taxes on them. Registered businesses also have the tendency of evading tax adding to the complication. Comparatively, Honduras, an immediate neighbour to Guatemala spends 15.8% of the GDP after collection, Kenya; a country in Africa collects and spends 18.4 % of its GDP, and Germany, an economic powerhouse spends 40.6% of the GDP (Zakaria 36). In other case studies, Mexico spends 29.7%, South Africa 26. 8%, Costa Rica 21%, and Canada 32.3% of its GDP. Data collected from economic sources shows a hitherto correlation (positive) between the proportion of GDP channelled through government spending and the standards of living of a country. Good public services and infrastructure explain factors behind established business activity. Senior economists from the World Bank hold that the economy of Guatemala continues to with typical support from private consumption. However, they also hold that the rate of investment is on a steady decline with little progress in the rate of productivity. Normally, lack of or minimal productivity affects the incomes for workers negatively. The growth rate of the country’s GDP is less impressive taking into account demographic trends of the country. While the population continues to grow at an average of 1.9%, the

Ways Models May Help Or Hinder The Search For Knowledge Philosophy Essay

Ways Models May Help Or Hinder The Search For Knowledge Philosophy Essay A model is a simplified representation of some aspect of the world. In what ways may models help or hinder the search for knowledge? Q10. A model is a simplified representation of some aspect of the world. In what ways may models help or hinder the search for knowledge? The search for knowledge is an ongoing process through which certain humans intend to find answers and confirmations to questions and statements which continually arise in our society. The use of models as representations may help this task; however these may come in many forms. Different people will have a different opinion on what can be considered a model. I believe the word model implies people as role models of a community, recreation of happenings, exemplary of ideas and any possibly fitting set of information which can be made to represent something. These may be divided into categories such as physical, conceptual or mathematical amongst others depending on the way they have been brought together, what they represent and when and how they are used. An Area of Knowledge in which models may be thought to help is in the Natural Sciences. Scientists try to prove laws and theories with them but there is a great jump between a model and the real life situation. For example, a few months ago I was doing the capture/recapture method estimating population size of an organism. In order to do this we used boxes to represent habitats and beans to represent specie. We tried to prove that the smaller the habitat the less percentage error as well as the greater the habitat the more specie found in it. This was the result expected, nevertheless we all had different ways of looking for the beans, some students did not follow the rules and others had their boxs sides flop out. Consequently, our data was not accurate. The environment had been controlled and human fault made results less realistic. This model helped understand the concept and attain knowledge from its simulation but also hindered the latter as there was room for error. Another example is maps. These are a representation of the world on paper; they transmit geographical information and specific characteristics. Maps guide and help to understand the placement of things on earth. They help the search for knowledge as they are easy to comprehend; they show clear and important objects through which an individual can know where he is standing or going to next visually. However, maps also hinder as roads may be added or changed and information is limited as if absolutely everything was to be drawn on them things would overlap each other and make the search for knowledge difficult rather than clear and easy. Interpreting symbols may be confusing, scales may not be accurate and maps may not always be updated. All these factors alter the quality of knowledge that this model provides. Another example is when a company is to manufacture a product to launch onto the market. Before the real product is made, a prototype is produced. This is the closest representation to the final product. It may be used to change functions or features like shape and colour. It is a base which offers knowledge on how the final product will be like and therefore allows people to work on it to achieve the desired result. This however can be limited by technology, scarcity of adequate resources or perception in the sense that it may not come across in the same way to different people. Some may think the prototype is perfect while others may argue it is not exactly what they wanted. Another important area of knowledge where models are used is in history. Historians try to reconstruct the past with sources such as books written at the time, pictures or other documents. They create models for events to acquire knowledge from an earlier period of time. Here we should question to what extent are models accurate and therefore reliable. For example, the plane crash into the Twin Towers on September 11th was not perceived by everyone in the same way. People who were inside the building and survived will give a different account to that of someone who just witnessed the event on the street or on the news. Based on perspective and emotion, these two people would provide a different re-enactment of what they claim to know. How do we know which one to trust? In this case the accuracy of media and its manipulation of language will also have to be an important factor in the search for knowledge for what really happened and how. In addition, the use of ways of knowing is fairly important when attaining knowledge from a model. Are we using reason or emotion and whether this reason is deductive, Everyone who eats chocolate is fat. John eats chocolates. Therefore, John is fat. Or inductive, All of the Spanish girls we have seen are brunettes. All Spanish girls are brunettes. The latter implies a generalization in which assumptions are problematic because truth is suggested but not ensured. Consequently, the conclusion reached may not be right and result in misleading knowledge which then may be preceded by a wrongful model. Models are created by humans who are led by either language, reason, emotion or perception which make them somehow biased. Models have an input, a processor and an output. Hence, the way we intake information is vital as it will vary our way of seeing the model and detecting to what extent our findings are being hindered or helped. The language in relation to models is also significant. We must examine whether professionals in each field of the areas of knowledge would refer to models in the same way. Would an artist see a model and the information it provides with the same eyes a mathematician would? The same model may not be equally useful to both and the extent to which it hinders or helps what they are looking for may be different to each. This may depend on what they are seeking and what they already know. Take for example Mozarts music. If a mathematician and an artist where to listen to it, a mathematician may be finding a mathematical structure in terms of notes, beat or rhythm whereas the artist may be looking at the emotion the harmony provides. The model is the same, but they both look into it differently. We could think that if they were both to find the same specific information from it which was more inclined to one area of knowledge than the other; one would obtain better results as he is more of an expert in it. Another example of models helping the search and understanding of knowledge is in economics. Graphs, for example, help students understand trends and social behavior. However, these may not always be right as they tend to generalize. Not all people concerned with the study represented may have had a say in it so assumptions have been taken. When thinking of models we should consider whether there are any for resolving ethical situations. Is there a model we can look at for moral direction? For example, if someone comes up to you and asks what they should do if a ship were sinking and they had to save either a relative on one side or a newborn on the other, Is there a model to which we can refer to, to solve this dilemma? We should consider whether models can tell us how to behave, if so, who is to design such models and can they really be universally trustworthy to lead us to a right decision. A table of results may be considered a representation of a community in some aspect. Take for example a set of data which shows a survey on whether the death penalty should be adopted in a country or not. This would help the search for knowledge of peoples opinion on this. Similarly, it would hinder it as different people would have based their answers on different principles. How do we know that the methods used to obtain the results are precise? Can we be certain that it is a true reflection of the countrys view on this topic? Have we considered peoples backgrounds, culture or religious beliefs and if this affects the answer given? Likewise, stereotypes may be seen as role models. For example, Homer, a character from The Simpsons may be seen as a white American stereotype. He is a negative example of what some people may think is the typical American; fat, lazy and not very bright. This may help to understand the qualities and characteristics an American may have, but is it right for people to prejudice a group of individuals on the image a series gives of them? Does this mean they are all like that? How do we know to what extent the series portrays the real American or provides a misleading view of it? In conclusion, models are an important part of our daily life. They may be treated differently in the distinct areas of knowledge and may help or hinder to different extents. When looking at models some of the key factors are baring in mind assumptions, limitations, perspectives and reliability. Can we define the accuracy of knowledge? Probably not, but models do help attain a close representation of reality which contribute significantly to the search for knowledge.

Ways Models May Help Or Hinder The Search For Knowledge Philosophy Essay

Ways Models May Help Or Hinder The Search For Knowledge Philosophy Essay A model is a simplified representation of some aspect of the world. In what ways may models help or hinder the search for knowledge? Q10. A model is a simplified representation of some aspect of the world. In what ways may models help or hinder the search for knowledge? The search for knowledge is an ongoing process through which certain humans intend to find answers and confirmations to questions and statements which continually arise in our society. The use of models as representations may help this task; however these may come in many forms. Different people will have a different opinion on what can be considered a model. I believe the word model implies people as role models of a community, recreation of happenings, exemplary of ideas and any possibly fitting set of information which can be made to represent something. These may be divided into categories such as physical, conceptual or mathematical amongst others depending on the way they have been brought together, what they represent and when and how they are used. An Area of Knowledge in which models may be thought to help is in the Natural Sciences. Scientists try to prove laws and theories with them but there is a great jump between a model and the real life situation. For example, a few months ago I was doing the capture/recapture method estimating population size of an organism. In order to do this we used boxes to represent habitats and beans to represent specie. We tried to prove that the smaller the habitat the less percentage error as well as the greater the habitat the more specie found in it. This was the result expected, nevertheless we all had different ways of looking for the beans, some students did not follow the rules and others had their boxs sides flop out. Consequently, our data was not accurate. The environment had been controlled and human fault made results less realistic. This model helped understand the concept and attain knowledge from its simulation but also hindered the latter as there was room for error. Another example is maps. These are a representation of the world on paper; they transmit geographical information and specific characteristics. Maps guide and help to understand the placement of things on earth. They help the search for knowledge as they are easy to comprehend; they show clear and important objects through which an individual can know where he is standing or going to next visually. However, maps also hinder as roads may be added or changed and information is limited as if absolutely everything was to be drawn on them things would overlap each other and make the search for knowledge difficult rather than clear and easy. Interpreting symbols may be confusing, scales may not be accurate and maps may not always be updated. All these factors alter the quality of knowledge that this model provides. Another example is when a company is to manufacture a product to launch onto the market. Before the real product is made, a prototype is produced. This is the closest representation to the final product. It may be used to change functions or features like shape and colour. It is a base which offers knowledge on how the final product will be like and therefore allows people to work on it to achieve the desired result. This however can be limited by technology, scarcity of adequate resources or perception in the sense that it may not come across in the same way to different people. Some may think the prototype is perfect while others may argue it is not exactly what they wanted. Another important area of knowledge where models are used is in history. Historians try to reconstruct the past with sources such as books written at the time, pictures or other documents. They create models for events to acquire knowledge from an earlier period of time. Here we should question to what extent are models accurate and therefore reliable. For example, the plane crash into the Twin Towers on September 11th was not perceived by everyone in the same way. People who were inside the building and survived will give a different account to that of someone who just witnessed the event on the street or on the news. Based on perspective and emotion, these two people would provide a different re-enactment of what they claim to know. How do we know which one to trust? In this case the accuracy of media and its manipulation of language will also have to be an important factor in the search for knowledge for what really happened and how. In addition, the use of ways of knowing is fairly important when attaining knowledge from a model. Are we using reason or emotion and whether this reason is deductive, Everyone who eats chocolate is fat. John eats chocolates. Therefore, John is fat. Or inductive, All of the Spanish girls we have seen are brunettes. All Spanish girls are brunettes. The latter implies a generalization in which assumptions are problematic because truth is suggested but not ensured. Consequently, the conclusion reached may not be right and result in misleading knowledge which then may be preceded by a wrongful model. Models are created by humans who are led by either language, reason, emotion or perception which make them somehow biased. Models have an input, a processor and an output. Hence, the way we intake information is vital as it will vary our way of seeing the model and detecting to what extent our findings are being hindered or helped. The language in relation to models is also significant. We must examine whether professionals in each field of the areas of knowledge would refer to models in the same way. Would an artist see a model and the information it provides with the same eyes a mathematician would? The same model may not be equally useful to both and the extent to which it hinders or helps what they are looking for may be different to each. This may depend on what they are seeking and what they already know. Take for example Mozarts music. If a mathematician and an artist where to listen to it, a mathematician may be finding a mathematical structure in terms of notes, beat or rhythm whereas the artist may be looking at the emotion the harmony provides. The model is the same, but they both look into it differently. We could think that if they were both to find the same specific information from it which was more inclined to one area of knowledge than the other; one would obtain better results as he is more of an expert in it. Another example of models helping the search and understanding of knowledge is in economics. Graphs, for example, help students understand trends and social behavior. However, these may not always be right as they tend to generalize. Not all people concerned with the study represented may have had a say in it so assumptions have been taken. When thinking of models we should consider whether there are any for resolving ethical situations. Is there a model we can look at for moral direction? For example, if someone comes up to you and asks what they should do if a ship were sinking and they had to save either a relative on one side or a newborn on the other, Is there a model to which we can refer to, to solve this dilemma? We should consider whether models can tell us how to behave, if so, who is to design such models and can they really be universally trustworthy to lead us to a right decision. A table of results may be considered a representation of a community in some aspect. Take for example a set of data which shows a survey on whether the death penalty should be adopted in a country or not. This would help the search for knowledge of peoples opinion on this. Similarly, it would hinder it as different people would have based their answers on different principles. How do we know that the methods used to obtain the results are precise? Can we be certain that it is a true reflection of the countrys view on this topic? Have we considered peoples backgrounds, culture or religious beliefs and if this affects the answer given? Likewise, stereotypes may be seen as role models. For example, Homer, a character from The Simpsons may be seen as a white American stereotype. He is a negative example of what some people may think is the typical American; fat, lazy and not very bright. This may help to understand the qualities and characteristics an American may have, but is it right for people to prejudice a group of individuals on the image a series gives of them? Does this mean they are all like that? How do we know to what extent the series portrays the real American or provides a misleading view of it? In conclusion, models are an important part of our daily life. They may be treated differently in the distinct areas of knowledge and may help or hinder to different extents. When looking at models some of the key factors are baring in mind assumptions, limitations, perspectives and reliability. Can we define the accuracy of knowledge? Probably not, but models do help attain a close representation of reality which contribute significantly to the search for knowledge.

Essay --

Step 1. Provide a summary of the scientific article addressing these questions: The publication Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society from the United Kingdom claims to be a publication devoted to a specific area of the biological sciences that aims to define a research frontier that is advancing rapidly, often bridging traditional disciplines. Hand before foot? Cortical somatotopy suggests manual dexterity is primitive and evolved independently of bipedalism, published October 7, 2103 by Teruo Hashimoto et al, certainly seems to support this publication’s claims. 1. What issues in physical and biological anthropology are addressed and why are they important? This newly published research from the RIKEN Brain Science Institute addresses a long-standing question in physical and biological anthropology; did manual dexterity evolve first in early hominins, as a requirement to make and use tools with their hands, or did it evolve in response to bipedal locomotion, after their hands were free to use? This mystery in human evolution is important to solve because by knowing what evolved first (dexterous hand or agile foot) researchers can better learn how early hominins lived and how they evolved into modern humans. This newly published research also addresses another very important issue in physical and biological anthropology; it introduces new scientific testing methods available to study evolution that can be used to re-evaluate long-standing evolutionary theories. In this case the study of comparative brain physiology for humans and monkeys was used to help establish the study findings. 2. What is the hypothesis or main question being tested? -The hypothesis/main question being tested is what evolved first, dexterous... ...arranted based on the new comparative brain physiology research methodology that was performed, and the study of the more recent hand and foot fossil remains of the species Ardipithecus ramidus support the findings. Step 2. Compare scientific article with press report addressing the following questions: How well did the press report accurately reflect the research article? I believe that the press report reflected the research article very accurately. The hypothesis was stated and was accurately answered. Is the information present correct or misleading? The information that is present in the press report is correct and does not mislead How would you have presented this report differently? The way in which I would have presented this report is I would have done more research along the lines of other evolutionary traits of monkeys and humans and then looked at